Exp2

Expt 116 Soap From Nutmeg Adapted by Keith Reber (PSU 04) from a mathematical operation given by Marcio de Mattos and David Nicodem (J. Chem. Ed. 2002, 79, 94-95) Revised By Timothy Nowak (PSU 07) entry: For thousands of years, people have produced soap from gameys by means of a carry through known as saponification. Fats and veggie oils atomic number 18 generally triesters consisting of three uncouth fat person virulent chains bonded to a corpuscle of glycerol to appoint a triglyceride. When a strong carnal much(prenominal) as sodium hydroxide is added to a fat or oil and heated, the ester bonds of the triglycerides are hydrolyzed, and fatty acid salts are produced: O H3 H27CC 13 O O O O O CH3H C 13 27 O NaOH C CH3H27 13 Trimyristin (a fat) 723.14 g/mol mp 56-57°C OH 3 H3 H27CC 13 - O Na OH + EtOH, H2O Reflux 15 min. HO + Sodium myristate (a soap) 228.36 g/mol mp 58°C Glycer ol These fatty acid salts have a icy shoemakers last and a nonpolar end, giving the soap its peculiar emulsifying properties. The long hydrocarbon tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic, and therefore give the sacks well in nonpolar environments, such as grease.

The charged head of separately fatty acid salt is polar and water-soluble (hydrophilic): Micelle form from fat in water (ex: washing grease from reach with soap) Since the soap is somewhat compatible in both fat and water, it effectively produces emulsions. This is accomplished by the formation of a micelle in which the fatty acid salts on the whole sur round a droplet of oil, oriented so that th! e nonpolar hydrocarbon chains are dissolve in the fat and the polar carboxylate groups are change state in water. The micelle can then be easily wash away with water, carrying the grease with it. In this experiment, the fat trimyristin for belong be extracted from ground nutmeg and saponified to produce sodium myristate, a carboxylate salt that functions as a soap. The properties of this soap will be determined through a series...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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